Human Computer Interaction and User Interface Design Essay

The two interfaces picked for this venture are two book selling destinations †LinkedIn. com and Orkut. com. The two sites are long range interpersonal communication destinations. While Orkut. com unites companions and is increasingly close to home in nature, LinkedIn. com is progressively proficient. Long range informal communication destinations being exceptionally well known, I decided to choose these interfaces for examination. LinkedIn has more than 40 million experts utilizing it to: †¢ â€Å"Exchange data, thoughts and opportunities† †¢ Connect or re-associate with and remain educated about their contacts and industry †¢ Find inside associations with get another line of work or business opportunity †¢ Find the individuals and information required †¢ Have a controlled online expert character Orkut, then again, lets you associate with individuals you definitely know in your own life (loved ones) while simultaneously permitting you to make new companions through companions of companions and networks. It permits sharing of recordings, pictures just as your interests with companions and networks. 2. Norman’s standards for good structure Norman has proposed the accompanying standards to guarantee that a site has a decent plan: †¢ Visibilityâ€The architect ought to guarantee that the condition of the potential activities can be handily comprehended by the client. †¢ Conceptual modelâ€All tasks ought to be reliable in nature and the client ought to have the option to effortlessly see how the site functions and what choices are accessible to the client. †¢ Mappingsâ€The client ought to have the option to handily delineate with their outcomes, for example, among controls and potential moves that can be made on a control or between the framework state and obvious pointers like difference in shading or picture. †¢ Feedbackâ€Users ought to consistently get input on the aftereffects of their activities helping them comprehend whether they have made the correct stride or not. 3. UI outline 3. 1. LinkedIn requires your name and email address to open a record present which you need on give your present business subtleties. These two pages are basic, like the Google search page look. When the enrollment is finished, LinkedIn takes you to your LinkedIn page. The landing page is isolated into two segments †the top area that comprises of primary connects to look through individuals, occupations, answers and organizations with similarly huge strong letters and is isolated from the base segment by a blue line. On the correct corner, snappy connects to the record and its settings, help language and the alternative to sign out are accessible. The top area has blue text style with a white foundation all through. This area likewise comprises of a pursuit choice to look through individuals, work, organizations, and so on utilizing a drop down box. The hunt choice naturally changes to mirror the segment it is in I. e. it says â€Å"Search People† when in the Contacts page and â€Å"Search Groups† when in the Groups page. The base area has a dim foundation and is isolated into three sections. Each segment independently has a white foundation and the areas are coasting in the dark foundation. The base segment speaks to the primary work zone comprising of the insights about the client profile, contacts and gatherings. The left hand side edge gives choices individual to the client which incorporates seeing different records, for example, bunches joined, profile, contacts, inbox, and applications that help improve client involvement in LinkedIn. These connections are given pictures also. These connections further give connects to choices accessible, for example, My Groups, Groups Directory and Create a Group for the Groups menu. The submenus are not obvious but rather can be seen on tapping the menu thing or tapping on the + image on the correct side. The submenus can be fell by tapping the †image that currently shows up rather than the + image. The connection for the current page is featured with a blue foundation. In Home page, the words Home have a blue foundation not at all like the others with white foundation. Toward the finish of the menu, there is a catch to include new associations. The catch is of green shading and draws in the consideration towards it. Beneath this segment is another little segment that is an evaluation of profile culmination alongside a photograph and name. The profile fulfillment is communicated in words just as a status bar is demonstrated that mirrors the real status. The name draws the consideration with its striking text style alongside the status bar. The correct side area comprises of a few modules †the fundamental module being the â€Å"Build your network† in a green shaded box that gives various choices to discover your contacts. The alternatives incorporate looking through utilizing web email contacts, address book contacts, or utilizing email addresses. For web email contacts, again a few choices are given as radio catches. Since every one of these choices require various data sources, choosing one shows a container with a bolt pointing towards the choice chose and the information sources required are inside this case. All catches on the page have a light orange shading which changes to blue on moving the mouse over it. All connections inside this module additionally have a symbol related with it. In the outrageous right, there are a few modules one beneath the other beginning with promotions by LinkedIn Members. The rest of the modules remember highlighted application for LinkedIn, Reading List by Amazon, Events, Answers and Jobs. The headings in these modules are in white shading on blue foundation. Text inside these modules is in dark shading while joins have blue shading. Significant words like subheadings, Member names, occasion names, and so forth are suitable made strong to feature them. The occasions are spoken to with the date put in a container with dim foundation and the month above it in littler textual style with orange foundation. Every module heading additionally comprises of an alter interface and a ‘X’ to expel the module. Toward the finish of these modules is the choice to include different applications as required. Here again an or more image is utilized to show the including of another application. The bolt toward the end can be clicked to demonstrate a rundown of utilizations accessible to be included however the bolt is excessively little and can be not entirely obvious. These modules can be redone as required, including, altering or moving them around to suit an individual’s inclinations and necessities. At the base, there is a tip accessible in a container. More tips can be seen with the assistance of bolts. Here bolts that are normally used to move to straightaway or past tip are utilized. Tapping on Profile or Edit My Profile or + image close to Profile carries one to the Edit My Profile page. The Profile text in the menu presently has a blue foundation demonstrating the current page. The inside module that comprised of Build your Network is currently supplanted with the profile subtleties with a heading Profile in naval force blue foundation and two tabs †Edit My Profile and View My Profile. The current tab is in white foundation while the idle tabs are in dark foundation with text in blue. The module foundation is presently blue with various subsections in white foundation. At the top the principle insights concerning the client is given I. e. name, current position and friends, area and industry. The last two subtleties are appeared in dark shading. The connections are kept up in blue shading, headings and subheadings in striking blue and a + image to show including subtlety in any subsection. An Edit interface inside square sections follows all content that can be altered. On the extraordinary right, a profile culmination status bar is appeared yet in addition records tips on how one could finish the profile alongside how much rate contrast it makes to the profile fulfillment status bar. This module is extremely useful, particularly for another person to long range informal communication destinations. Tapping on View My Profile tab shows the profile with similar subtleties aside from that there are no Edit joins or + images to include further subtleties. The status bar isn't found in this view. Tapping on Contacts area prompts three selected page †Connections, Imported Contacts and Network Statistics. The associations are indicated recorded one after another in order. On the left side, the letters in order are recorded and can be clicked to bounce to the associations with names beginning with that letters in order. Brief insights concerning every association is given including email, current position and friends and furthermore incorporates a circle that demonstrates the quantity of associations that individual has, showing the system you could be having. The Groups interface drives you to the Groups page with four tabs †My Groups, Following, Groups Directory and Create a Group. The rundown of Groups is introduced in a perfect way with a symbol speaking to the gathering, snappy connects to conversations, news, refreshes, individuals, settings, and so on. At the base of the rundown, there is a choice to change the request for the gatherings and what number of gatherings can be shown at any one time. The request can be changed by composing the numbers or utilizing bolts. On the correct side of the rundown, two blue-hued boxes give you data on Groups Directory alongside a catch to discover a gathering just as choice to make your own gathering. The catches change shading when a mouse moves over. While there are a lot more functionalities accessible, the UI continues as before: 1. Blue shading for all connections 2. Strong for all headings and subheadings 3. Symbols/pictures to speak to significant menus or information 4. Tabs for sub menu data 5. Connections gave to ease choice 6. Arrangement to include, expel, alter, or move additional modules around to ease access and utility. 7. Criticism to the client as far as foundation shading change for connections and catch shading change for catches 3. 2. Orkut To sign into Orkut, one needs to have a Google Account. The page for making Google Account is straightforward †a structure with a blue fringe mentioning for data like name, email and secret word with a line denoting the finish of this subsection. The following subsection starts with a word verificat

paula essays

paula expositions Paula by Isabel Allende; 330 pp.; Cost: $14.00 When Isabel Allende's girl, Paula fell gravely sick, Allende started to fill her composing tablet with a story for Paula. Allende composed so when Paula woke up she won't be lost and will comprehend what occurred while she was in her trance state. This is Allende's first true to life novel. The book mentions to you what's going on during Paula's ailment alongside Allende's personal history and diaries. She addresses Paula revealing to her the account of odd predecessors, her own privileged insights, and stories from her childhood. She additionally reveals to Paula what is happening while she is in her trance like state. Allende says what occurred during the homicide of her uncle, the Chilean President Salvador Allende, the military overthrow and her outcast, her connections and the defeat of her first union with Paula's dad, why she kept in touch with her first novel, to her current life in California. Allende turns this overwhelming experience to a cheerful one with her utilization of words making it a delightful story. Paula not the same as Allende's different works since it is true to life; anyway it is known to be her best one alongside House of the Spirits. I preferred this book a great deal and would prescribe it to anybody. In the event that you haven't read any of Allende's books and aren't acquainted with her I don't figure you would appreciate it so much. This book ought to be perused subsequent to perusing in any event one of Allende's books so there could be a prologue to becoming acquainted with this writer. As I would like to think, Isabel Allende has carried on with an exceptionally fascinating life and you would locate that out subsequent to perusing this book. ... <!

$250.00 Instagram Textbook Rewards Giveaway

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No purchase or payment of any kind is necessary to enter or win the giveaway. A purchase will not improve your chances of winning. One (1) winner will be selected by random drawing. Winner will be chosen from all eligible entries received, and the potential winner will be notified on Instagram by October 13, 2019 @ 12:00 A.M. EST. Potential winner will be notified by Instagram Direct Message and will be required to correctly answer an unaided, time-limited, mathematical skill-testing question. Potential winner is responsible for checking her/her post for the comment from @homeworkhelpglobal. Homework Help Global will Follow the potential winner so that potential winner may send a Direct Instagram Message to @homeworkhelpglobal with his/her name and mailing address. The potential winner will be required to respond to the notification within one (1) day or the prize will be forfeited and an alternate winner will be randomly selected from all eligible entries received. 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Follow our Instagram page @homeworkhelpglobal 2. Tag 3 friends in the comments section. 3. Repost this post to your Instagram Story. RULES ELIGIBILITY: Must be 18+. Giveaway only applicable to legal residents in Canada, excluding Quebec (QC). Only ONE entry per account! Please dont enter using multiple accounts. No purchase necessary. Winner will be chosen at random and we will send the $250.00 CAD via PayPal. We will announce the winner via an Instagram post and we will direct message the winner as well, so keep an eye out on your inbox! Giveaway will begin September 9, 2019 @ 12:00 A.M. EST and will close on September 29, 2019 @ 11:59 P.M. EST. No purchase or payment of any kind is necessary to enter or win the giveaway. A purchase will not improve your chances of winning. One (1) winner will be selected by random drawing. Winner will be chosen from all eligible entries received, and the potential winner will be notified on Instagram by October 13, 2019 @ 12:00 A.M. EST. Potential winner will be notified by Instagram Direct Message and will be required to correctly answer an unaided, time-limited, mathematical skill-testing question. Potential winner is responsible for checking her/her post for the comment from @homeworkhelpglobal. Homework Help Global will Follow the potential winner so that potential winner may send a Direct Instagram Message to @homeworkhelpglobal with his/her name and mailing address. The potential winner will be required to respond to the notification within one (1) day or the prize will be forfeited and an alternate winner will be randomly selected from all eligible entries received. Upon consent via Instagram Direct Message, the Winner will be posted on our Instagram account page. Failure to respond to notifications within (1) day or to comply with any other provision of this sweepstake may result in the potential winner being disqualified and an alternate winner selected. If a prize notification or a prize is returned as undeliverable for any reason, the applicable prize will be awarded to an alternate winner. Prizes are not transferable, assignable, or redeemable for cash. All decisions are final. All Federal, provincial and local tax liabilities are the responsibility of the winner. This contest is in no way sponsored by or affiliated with Instagram.

My Family After The Hospital Essay - 1080 Words

It all started on just a regular day everyone in my family was during their regular routine. My mom on the phone, my brother playing some videogames, my sister was working, and my father was at work. We were all in our separate worlds that day, it felt good until suddenly we received a call from my father’s job and said, â€Å"Hello Mui it’s Joe I work with Be we’ve been trying to call you for hours, but Be collapsed at work and is in the hospital now.† My whole family was worried what had happened to him and the car ride to the hospital was a silent one, no one was talking because we all were thinking the same thing, our father was in trouble, but how bad was it? When my family went inside the hospital, the doctor made us wait impatiently in the waiting room and all of us were scared. When they finally let us see him, he was on a bed with machines, tubes, and wires that all connected to my father. My mom and sister broke down crying, my brother was standing in complete shock, and I was just standing there reflecting on how unrecognizable my father was with all the tubes connecting to his arms and mouth. He didn’t look like my father, he looked like a prisoner. The doctor told us that, â€Å"We have to transport him to another hospital since we don’t have the equipment to scan his head.† He also informed us that, â€Å"One of you could ride in the ambulance with him during transport.† Everyone in my family, asked for me to go in the ambulance while they followed behind. I remember sittingShow MoreRelatedWho Is The Best Health Care?1161 Words   |  5 PagesMy family, unlike most immigrant families, did not move to America because of the typical â€Å"American dream† of making more money or pursuing a higher education – it was due to the medical conditions of John, my youngest brother. John was born in Hong Kong with lung and heart-related problems, and he developed autism and ADHD at a very young age. It is a great stigma to have a disability in China. John wasn’t receiving the best health care in Hong Kong, and the education system didn’t provide any specializedRead MoreA Memory With My Family1267 Words   |  6 Pagescherished forever. A great memory I shared with my family was when my little brother was born on March 25,2008. Prior to my little brother Isaiah’s birth, nine months before my mom had told my family the news ab out having a new addition to the family, I was so excited and thrilled to finally be a big brother instead of being the youngest because I also have an older brother who at the time was ten and I was eight years old.. So when my mom told me and my brother the news we prepared right away! WeRead MoreFamily Centered Care At The Hospital992 Words   |  4 PagesDuring a patient stay in the hospital the most important care given is to encourage family centered care. Last year, my younger sister had reoccurring strep throat. Which lead to her decision to get her tonsils removed. My sister is terrified of needles and the idea of a hospital makes her jump out of her skin; she can be a horrible patient. While being admitted the nurse was very kind and patient. Her nurse needed to get an IV into her arm; while doing this the nurse explained everything that sheRead MoreFamily Centered Care At The Hospital1279 Words   |  6 PagesDuring a patients’ stay in the hospital the most im portant care given is to encourage family centered care. Last year, my younger sister had recurring strep throat. Which lead to the decision to get her tonsils removed. My sister is terrified of needles and the idea of a hospital makes her jump out of her skin; she can be a horrible patient. While being admitted the nurse was very kind and patient. Her nurse needed to get an IV into her arm; while doing this the nurse explained everything that sheRead MoreTraditional Rites And Herbal Therapy849 Words   |  4 PagesLike most natives of Kishong in Cameroon, my parents are farmers, which has been a family trade passed down from one generation to another. Growing up, I imagined continuing the family business but making it better given my secondary education. However, the foundations of my plans were shaken when, at fifteen, my mother’s health deteriorated quickly following an acute back pain. Culturally, we were accustomed to associate ill health with punishment from a supreme being and the best remedy for suchRead MoreMy Mother s Resilience Inspired Me Day By Day887 Words   |  4 PagesSteam filled the dense cubicle apartment as my mother cooked, cleaned, showered and dressed. Despite her exhaustion and swollen ankles from hours spent on white floors of the hospital, she’d stand erect as a building, asking me to recite the words learned that day and review my homework. I knew daren’t turn on the TV during the weekday. When managing me and work became too much, she’d take me to work. During the commutes she whispered little words of wisdom, one was to â€Å"be still, listen and be vigilant†Read MoreMy Life At The Young Age Of Thirteen848 Words   |  4 Pageslife, I found my passion at the young age of thirteen. When I was thirteen, my brother had to have brain surgery to remove dysplasia cells, which were a result of his epilepsy disorder. Ever since I was a young child I knew I wanted to help people, so I would watch my brother while my parents were out of the room or I would help roll him on his side if and when he had a seizure. On August 28th, 2012 my brother was admitted to Children’s National Medical Center in Washington D.C. My brother; IanRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Knit Family897 Words   |  4 Pagesliving room a family friend’s home. I felt tension in the air. My aunt sat in the big chair by the window, while everyone else sat around her. My mom had been a nurse practitioner for quite some time now. She was like the ringleader of the situation, while everyone else just listened to what she had to say. She sat on the ground in front of my Titi Betty, and examined her big, jiggly belly. There was a big huge opening on her stomach. It was disgusting. Titi Betty, which was also my aunt was a veryRead MoreA Interview On Palmetto Health Baptist1182 Words   |  5 PagesPalmetto Health Baptist service more beginning mothers and their babies than any hospital in the Midlands. Palmetto offers loving and compassionate care to their patients to provide them with educational, spiritual, and emotional needs. Also, Palmetto Health Baptist developed a family like atmosphere so that each family member feels important, while waiting for their new addition to the family. The birthplace includes: labor, delivery, surgical area, and both a high risk and recovery unit. I wasRead MoreMy Brother Was An Accident978 Words   |  4 PagesFebruary 3, 2015, my families lives changed forever. We received a call that no one would ever want to receive. My brother was involved in a snowmobile accident. It was a regular school night like any other night. My brother decided to go ride his snowmobile with Gary and Parker Schiltz to Wesley for dinner. I was studying for my English test, my mom was making spaghetti, Ciera was in the kitchen waiting for supper, and my dad was hanging out in the kitchen. At exactly six o’clock, my dad received a

The Revenge Tragedy Of Hamlet Essay - 1976 Words

Issara Butt Professor Abbott English 102 November 30, 2016 The Revenge Tragedy of Hamlet Revenge tragedies share some common characteristics of the play Hamlet which classify them in the group of many great stories such as The Spanish Tragedy, and King Lear. A vengeful ghost, a play within a play, and the main character who seeks revenge on an opponent and murdered (KAY). At some point in life many of us feel the need to seek revenge and never actually act upon it, but what if we did? What would be the consequences and what would life be like afterwards. The thoughts we have of this makes the stories of revenge tragedies exciting and intriguing. They are our thoughts written on paper and into a story making as if what we think is actually happening. In the time of Shakespearean writing, things would have gone slightly different. The play Hamlet, is a prime example of a revenge tragedy in its refined state of written speech. Hamlet is a revenge tragedy for many reasons, not only that but it is the most written, re-enacted, and read play of al l time (TUMIEL). The multiple plots of revenge, murders, and ghost appearances makes Hamlet the leading play of revenge tragedies and most studied currently in academic curriculums. It is believed to be that William Shakespeare’s Hamlet was based off of Thomas Kyd’s story, Ur-Hamlet (MABILLARD). Although Ur-Hamlet was a rough and uncut version of a revenge tragedy and needed further developing, but Shakespeare’s Hamlet is well refined,Show MoreRelatedHamlet : A Classic Revenge Tragedy1103 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet is not like any tragedy. Hamlet is a classic revenge tragedy. All the revenge tragedies were popular in England during the late 16th and early 17th. A Shakespearean tragedy is built upon a central conflict which runs through from the beginning to the end of the tragedy until the conflict is finally resolved. The play is built upon the long, tragic conflict between Hamlet and Claudius and the conflict is built upon the figure of revenge. The Driving points that shapes the plot of play areRead MoreHamlet- A Revenge Tragedy Essay705 Words   |  3 Pages Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s most well-known tragedies. At first glance, it holds all of the common occurrences in a revenge tragedy which include plotting, ghosts, and madness, but its complexity as a story far transcends its functionality as a revenge tragedy. Revenge tragedies are often closely tied to the real or feigned madness in the play. Hamlet is such a complex revenge tragedy because there truly is a question about the sanity of the main character Prince Hamlet. Interestingly enoughRead MoreShakespeares Hamlet: The Tragedy of Revenge1165 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeares Hamlet: The tragedy of revenge The time is out of joint: O cursed spite, / That ever I was born to set it right! (I.5). Shakespeares Hamlet is an unwilling avenger. Despite his hatred of his uncle Claudius and his sense of the injustice perpetuated upon his fathers memory, Hamlet seems unable to obey the will of his fathers ghost. Ultimately, this is not shown to be a sign of weakness or cowardice upon Hamlets part. Rather, the intellectual protagonist understands all too wellRead MoreHamlet And Laertes - A Revenge Tragedy1248 Words   |  5 Pages Hamlet and Laertes – A Revenge Tragedy Everyone’s personality can be changed through encountering different situations. In Hamlet, playwright William Shakespeare presents two characters, Hamlet and Laertes, who love their fathers, King Hamlet and Polonius respectively. Once their fathers are murdered, Hamlet and Laertes become mentally insane committed acts of reprisal. In particular, Hamlet wants to kill Claudius and Laertes wants to kill Hamlet. While Hamlet and Laertes share similar experiencesRead MoreThe Role Of Revenge Tragedy In Hamlet1020 Words   |  5 Pageswhole world blind is a common saying for revenge. Like Shakespeare he based most of his tragedies based on: betrayal, death, lies, and revenge, and they can be view throughout the whole play Hamlet. In the tragedy Hamlet, Shakespeare utilizes Hamlet’s character as a major role in the development of a revenge tragedy by his loss of morality, individuality, and madness throughout the play, further clarifying that indeed Hamlet is a revenge traged y. Although Hamlet is not the only Shakespearean play thatRead MoreExamples Of Revenge Tragedy In Hamlet1033 Words   |  5 Pagesof Shakespeare’s plays allude to revenge and revenge tragedy. Revenge tragedy is seeking revenge for wrongdoings done against someone in a literary work. Usually, the person seeking this revenge is the protagonist and the plot is usually developed throughout their journey to get their rightful revenge. Revenge tragedy is also the central conflict within a literary work. In the play, Hamlet,Young Fortinbras, and Laertes are all examples of revenge tragedy. Hamlet ironically isn’t a person that showsRead More Revenge and Vengeance in Shakespeares Hamlet - Pure Revenge Tragedy?1932 Words   |  8 PagesHamlet – the Revenge Tragedy?  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   A baffling array of considerations relevant to the revenge aspect of Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet make an essay on this topic an interesting experience.    Ruth Nevo in â€Å"Acts III and IV: Problems of Text and Staging† explains the uncertain place which revenge occupies within the hero’s most famous soliloquy:    And conversely, because self-slaughter is the ostensible subject of the whole disquisition, we cannot read the speech simplyRead MoreEssay on Discuss Hamlet as a Revenge Tragedy1023 Words   |  5 Pages2011 Discuss Hamlet as a revenge tragedy Revenge has caused the downfall of many a person. Its consuming nature causes one to act recklessly through anger rather than reason. Revenge is an emotion easily rationalized; one turn deserves another. However, this is a very dangerous theory to live by. Throughout Hamlet, revenge is a dominant theme. Fortinbras, Laertes, and Hamlet all seek to avenge the deaths of their fathers. But in so doing, all three rely more on emotion than thought, and takeRead MoreHamlet as a Revenge Tragedy Essay examples1285 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet as a Revenge Tragedy Revenge tragedy was a brief sub genre of tragedy at the end of the sixteenth century, despite some clashes with the teachings of the church. In a revenge tragedy a crime, normally murder, has gone unpunished, because the criminal has too much power and cannot be reached by the law. This fact is revealed by a ghost to someone closely connected with the victim, laying on him the responsibility to revenge the crime. The revenger is usually anRead MoreA Traditional Revenge Tragedy Approach To Hamlet759 Words   |  4 PagesA Traditional Revenge Tragedy approach involves the drama of a character seeking revenge for an injury or caused by another character (Reedy). In the play of Hamlet, this approach can easily be seen in the character Hamlet’s plot to â€Å"remember† his father. After his father’s death, Hamlet spends the whole play concocting a plan to avenge his father. He develops a play to bring guilt to his father’s murderer and to convince the royal subjects of their king’s foul sin. The tragedy in this approach occurs

Morphology of Dragonflies Free Essays

Lab Section 1 Wednesday 1:10-4:00 M. Moore Zoology Lab #1 Morphology of Dragonflies In analyzing the morphology of dragonflies by looking at two different time periods and the water levels, data was found to illustrate that body size might be directly influenced by water levels. By looking at the dragonfly species Sympetrum vincinum during the 2001 drought and 2008 normal rainfall, the data showed that there was no statistical difference in abdomen depth (p value 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Morphology of Dragonflies or any similar topic only for you Order Now 20741). There was a statistical difference in forewing length (p value 0. 006), hindwing area (p value 0. 000164) and thorax depth (p value 0. 0001). The means provided from the different species showed that there was a small difference from 2001 to 2008 and that the 2008 data was smaller with the normal amount of rainfall opposed to the 2001 draught. The Mean for 2001 of the Forewing length (23. 30mm), Hindwing area (169. 88mm2), thorax depth (6. 04mm), abdomen length (21. 08mm), were larger than 2008. The 2008 means are as follows, Forewing Length (22. 06mm), Hindwing Area (148. 61mm2), Thorax Depth (5. 25mm) and Abdomen Length (20. 0mm). In the study â€Å"Fitness and body size in mature odonates† it was found that body size has an important role in the fitness of dragonflies and is directly related to their ability to reproduce and survive (Sokolovska, Rowe, and Johansson 2000). Through this study it was found that there was no statistical difference in the abdomen depth from 2001 and 2008 with varying water levels. This suggests that the dragonflies did not change their abdomen size because that particular size was the one that best aided their fitness, not relying on water levels. Egg Laying in Petrels: Successful versus Failed Eggs In the comparison of the successful eggs and the failed eggs, there was a statistical difference between them concerning the egg’s length, breadth and mass. This leads to idea that the failed eggs were not cared for as well as the successful eggs had been. For the comparison of the successful versus the failed eggs, the egg length (p value 0. 01849), egg breadth (p value 0. 00057) and the egg mass (p value 0. 00057). In the study of â€Å"Leach’s Storm- Petrel done by Huntington et al. n 1996, they found that there may be various reasons why there are unsuccessful egg hatching with these birds. In the data analysis of the successful versus the failed eggs the reasons that there is a statistical difference between them may be because of nesting site, incubation time, or size of parental birds (Huntington et al. 1996). There are many factors to contribute to the reasons why there is a statistical difference between the sizes of the successful versus failed eggs. This data proves that there is a significant difference between the egg sizes and this will lead to further studies to gain more information. Egg Laying in Guillemots: Inter- Year Effects The data found from the analysis of measuring the length and breadth of eggs from Guillemonts to see when the birds had better reproduction ability from the first year of their breeding in comparison to their second or third year. The data illustrated a statistical difference between the egg length and breadth from the first year to the second or third year. The birds produced larger eggs in their first year of breeding in comparison to their second or third year breeding. The length comparison between first year and second or third year (p value 0. 00036) and the breadth comparison was (p value 0. 019112), which both exhibit a significant statistical difference. The egg size and shape varies on many different factors including the environment, the age of the female and when the eggs are laid (Butler and Buckley 2002). This analysis proves the point that egg size is affected by the age of the female and that the first breeding season of the female produces the best eggs. Works Cited Butler, G. R. , Buckley, E. D. 2002. Black Guillemot. The Birds of North America, No. 675. Huntington, E. C. , Butler, G. R. , and Mauck A. R. 1996. Leach’s Storm- Petrel. The Birds of North America, No. 233. Sokolovska N. , Rowe L. , and Johansson F. 2000. Fitness and body size in mature odondates. Ecological Entomology, 25:239-248. Table 3. Wing Variable recorded for male Sympetrum vincinum at Lemon Stream in Franklin County (ME) in September 2001 and September 2008. Table 3. . Morphological variables recorded for male Sympetrum vincinum at Lemon Stream in Franklin County (ME) in September 2001 and September 2008. Table 6. Egg measurements collected on Great Island (Newfoundland, Canada) from nesting Leach’s Storm-petrels in 1983 (from Butler, unpublished data). Table 9. Black Guillemot egg measurements collected on Great Duck Island (Hancock County, Maine) from banded adults in their 1st and 2nd and 3rd breeding seasons 1991 and 1993 (Butler and Barkley 2 002). How to cite Morphology of Dragonflies, Papers

Novice to Expert free essay sample

The profession of nursing is an experience where there is much professional growth and development to be gained. This being said it starts at the beginning with what is learned from teachings to students to what is taught to the professional nurse, taking that information and applying it to the skills in the nursing profession. Having the competency gives a nurse the confidence to take care of their patient with confidence. With the increased patient acuity and the least amount of time for the patient hospitalization, technology has to be proficient and user friendly. Technology today has come so far from ten years ago, that the nursing professionals that graduated do not have the skills that are required today with out the teachings of another. To develop the competency is only the first step to becoming an experienced nurse, this is developed over the years through teachings and support of others. We will write a custom essay sample on Novice to Expert or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But even with this help many nurses become stressed and being incompetent and search else where for employment. Patricia Benner used a theory of developmental skills, using five different stages to establish a clinical development in the practice of nursing. Here she takes into account increments in skilled performance based upon experience as well as education (Brenner, 1982). â€Å"Dr. Patricia Benner introduced a concept saying that expert nurses develop skills and understanding of patient care over time through a sound educational base as well as a multitude of experiences. She proposed that one could gain knowledge and skills (â€Å"knowing how†)† (Dracup, Bryan-Brown , 2004) Patricia Brenner Patricia Brenner is a Professor in the Department of Physiological Nursing in the School of Nursing at the University of California, San Francisco. She gained her BSN from Pasadena college of nursing and her MSN and Ph. D from the university of California in medical surgical nursing. She is the author and co-author of multiple books and many publications throughout her career. Dr. Brenner has also gained international recognition for her work in research and lectures. She is the founder of Benner Associates, where she developed a plan that is used to help process solutions to problems in the nursing industry within a hospital setting. Dr. Benner wrote a book in 1984 titled From Novice to Expert. Here she was able to break down the stages of education into levels of experience by use of the Dreyfus model of skill and acquisition. This model was originally used for the study of chess players by Hubert Dreyfus, who is a mathematician and philosopher. The levels of Competency There are five levels/stages of competency that was established by Dr. Brenner. Level one is the level of novice, these are the beginners with little or no experience to apply learned skills to a situation. Level two is the advanced beginner, these people can demonstrate to some ability and show an acceptable performance. Level three shows competency that they are able to apply learned techniques and have probably been on the job for several years. Level four are the proficient people who continue to move forward with ease, who can establish a given situation and modify it to their needs. Level five is the expert, one that no longer requires help, they are able to understand a situation and give the appropriate action needed (Brenner 1982). The levels are used to see the changes of performance, the level of understanding and the outcomes of performance in a given situation. The study taken place by Dr. Brenner was conducted at six different hospitals on 51 experienced nurses, 11 new graduates and 5 senior nurses (Brenner 1982). They showed two different levels of performance, one of past experiences and one of learned and adaption to a situation and being able to prioritize that situation. Given these techniques and applying them to the nursing profession, enables one to see on what level each nurse is able to work, who in the hospital stetting needs help and who is able to work proficiently. Conclusion Competency in nursing is established by learning, not only does it focus on clinical skills, but also understanding the science beside the skills, taking that information and reflecting and evaluating nursing abilities to achieve the desire outcomes (Kowitlawakul, 2013). With information and knowledge that is collected the goals and outcomes can be very useful in expanding the scope of practice of the nurses who are less proficient (Brenner 1982). The medical industry is evolving every day therefor the learning of technology is a must. Repetitive care and with the help of clinicians are a need to be classed as experienced, to be comfortable in ones environment will establish better preparation for patient care. This overall competency for all nursing is that there is always going to be a need for clinical specialists in the nursing field to advance the care of the patients at a level that is safe and proficient.

Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Analysis free essay sample

Short Answer Questions Leslie Silko has said that If we Indians do not represent our communities as we see them, then others will concoct fantasies that pass for the truth. What truths does Alexie represent in his novel about Indian communities? The audience discovers there are many truths between the ‘Indian communities’ that Sherman Alexie describes in his novel. One truth is the fact that in American Indian communities, inhabitants feel a loss of culture due to the mainstream items that have been introduced by the Americans when they colonised the land. These materialistic items have decreased the traditional values that the tribes learn form previous generations. Additionally, the novel can be compared to the life on Indian reservations as it illustrates the loss of identity when mainstream items are brought into the tribe. Moreover, another truth is that there is little or no education that is being taught in the tribal schools that can help the students achieve professional opportunities. We will write a custom essay sample on Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, there are limited funds to feed the children and the trouble with the reservations life is that the money the people earn is funded into poker machines and other forms of gambling. This is demonstrated in both Alexie’s novel as well as the reservation lifestyle of Indians today. Junior who lives on the Spokane Indian Reservation discovers that alcohol is more important to most residents than education is. This further demonstrates how uneducated the tribal members are, which in turn results in the death of many. Alexie has worked on films of some of his work, including Reservation Blues. Comment on three scenes in the novel relating to the thematic concern of discovery of the new and alien that you think would translate well onto the big screen. One scene, which relates to the thematic concern of discovery, is the scene where Junior has to play in a basketball competition against Wellpint. At the end of the game, Junior discovers that although he is reaching his goal and his career as a professional basketball player, not many in the Wellpint team actually have aspirations. This is due to limited funding on education and therefore it is not possible for them to achieve their own aspirations. In this scene Junior realises the state that his tribe is in and the negative aspects of reservation lifestyle. He is also ashamed of the anger and frustrations that he felt earlier in his life. Moreover, another scene that would translate well on the cinematic screen would be the classroom scene after Junior discovers of his uncle’s death. This scene has represented the characteristics of discovery as the audience are shown insight on the way his European classmates defend him although he is not one of them. This is illustrated through â€Å"Gordy showed a lot of courage in standing up to a teacher like that. And his courage inspired the others. Subsequently, the scene following this movement would also translate well on the big screen as it exemplifies Juniors personal discovery where he comes to the realisation that the world is not broken down into white and black however it is broken down into the characteristic of the human being. This is conveyed through Juniors proclamation to the teacher, â€Å"I used to think the world was broken down by tribes. By black and white. By Indian and white. But I know that isn’t true. The world is only broken down into two tribes. The people who are assholes and the people who are not. Through, this scene the audience is shown the maturation of Junior and how discovering this has affected his future perceptions of others. Finally, these three scenes show insights into Junior’s personal maturation as he discovers himself as well as others. Which character in the novel do you most relate to, and why? The character that I relate to most in the Sherman Alexie’s The absolutely true story of a Part Time Indian is Junior as I have experienced similar things to what he has experienced. These things include the death of a beloved pet and the transfer of schools. The characteristics of Junior are not comparable however the experiences we share are alike. Subsequently, with the transfer of schools I did not have to undergo the ordeal that Junior went through. However, I can relate to his character as it is hard to let go of familiar places and join a society that you have no idea about. Similarly, Junior and I both share the experience of having lost a family member that we cherish. Although both Junior and I had the same relationship with our respective relatives, out method of overcoming it were different. Junior overcame his loss of his grandmother by mocking God and crying for hours however I overcame the loss of my relative in a different manner. Through the experiences that both Junior and I have faced, it is evident that Junior is the character that I relate to most in Sherman Alexie’s novel. What does Alexie do best in this novel? (eg. narration, dialogue, characterisation, language use etc. ) Give examples from the text on TWO aspects that you think are successful/effective in the novel, and why. In the novel The Absolutely True Diary of a part time Indian, Alexie has portrayed the characters in the film through the dialogue that each character speaks. The dialogue is snappy and realistic, creating an authentic voice about his life. This is conveyed through his sudden realisation about ‘white’ kids, â€Å"Holy/holy/what kind of kid can just hand over forty bucks like that. † Although the plot is often sad the author has created a protagonist that is funny and surprisingly matter of fact about his life and who does not invite the reader to feel sympathy for him, instead forcing admiration for his undeniable sprit. This is evident in Alexie’s novel where Junior finds himself getting beaten up on Halloween, â€Å"and spit on me/I could handle the kicks/but the spit made me feel like an insect/like a slug/like a slug burning to death from salty spit. † Alexie has also used graphics to depict the struggles and poverty both in the affluent white society and the underprivileged Indian society. Through the use of graphic, Arnold illustrates key scenes from his life which in turn enables the audience to picture the life of an American Indian. The use of graphics is effective as Junior explains that â€Å"words are too limited and unpredictable† and his cartoons, which he feels are the only way for him to depict his life. Therefore, Sherman’s Alexie use of graphics in Absolutely is effective and contributes to the novels successfulness. Alexie has said jokingly, Im an important brown guy now (ie. in American fiction). Do you agree, based on your reading of this novel? Reasons/evidence? I agree with Sherman Alexie’s statement, â€Å"I’m an important brown guy now†. This statement justifies the books significance in recreating American Indian Reservation life. It shows how Sherman Alexie’s work has influenced many people’s views on reservation life. It also signifies and illustrates the negative aspects of reservation life and gives the audience a different perspective about the lifestyle. Sherman Alexie has also use characterisation in this novel to depict the experiences that the characters undergo on the reservation. Alexie portrays to the audience that this book is not only a good read however it informs the audience on his life growing up and the things that he had to face. Therefore, in my point of view his statement of â€Å"I’m an important brown guy now† is an understatement.

How to Convert Liters to Milliliters

How to Convert Liters to Milliliters The liter and the milliliter are both key units of volume in the metric system. The method for converting liters to milliliters is demonstrated in this worked example problem. How Many Milliliters in a Liter? The key to working a liter to milliliter problem (or vice versa) is to know the conversion factor. There are 1000 milliliters in each liter. Because this is a factor of 10, you dont actually have to break out the calculator to do a conversion. You can simply move the decimal point. Move it three spaces to the right to convert liters to milliliters (e.g., 5.442 L 5443 ml) or three spaces to the left to convert milliliters to liters (e.g., 45 ml 0.045 L). Problem How many milliliters are in a 5.0-liter canister? Solution 1 liter 1000 mL Set up the conversion so the desired unit will be cancelled out. In this case, we want mL to be the remaining unit. Volume in mL (Volume in L) x (1000 mL/1 L) Volume in mL 5.0 L x (1000 mL/1 L) Volume in mL 5000 mL Answer There are 5000 mL in a 5.0-liter canister. Check your answer to make sure it makes sense. There are 1000 times more milliliters than liters, so the milliliter number should be much greater than the liter number. Also, since we are multiplying by a factor of 10, the value of the digits wont change. Its only a matter of moving the decimal point.

Operating Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operating Systems - Essay Example Although operating systems like Linux or FreeBSD show better performance having 64 MB of RAM, Windows XP is able to run on the same hardware. Laskin (n.d.) writes that 128Mb was simply not enough to allow Windows XP to operate efficiently. He observed an average increase in speed of 25% between 128Mb and 256Mb. The next step up in his investigation was 512Mb. Here the increase was less dramatic but still quite noticeable, about a 5% increase in speed depending on the test. Whilst extra memory can affect the overall speed, Lackey (n.d.) writes, it can also make for smoother operation depending on the task in hand. Basic word processing and Internet access usually require no more then 128-256Mb of RAM. More demanding tasks can soon show the inadequacy of low amounts of RAM. Graphics and Sound are the two memory consumers. Complex documents containing graphics or embedded charts and especially more sophisticated PowerPoint presentations are much easier to handle with between 256and 512Mb. Databases start to benefit too at this level. In fact, the more RAM the better when it comes to these as they can keep their temporary tables in memory speeding up performance immensely. The real memory consuming tasks include 3D work, both CAD (Computer Aided Design) and more generalized computer graphics, real time video editing and real world modeling such as water flow calculations. Here the sky is the limit with 1Gb or more not being at all unreasonable. Most people who Lackey (n.d.) knows work with 3D graphics professionally tend to run at their systems maximum, usually 4Gb. Addressing of Memory in Windows XP As Nichol (2006) writes, a program instruction in a modern operating system on an Intel 386 or later CPU can address up to 4GB of memory, using its full 32 bits. This is normally far more than the RAM of the machine. So the hardware provides for programs to operate in terms of as much as they wish of this full 4GB space as Virtual Memory, those parts of the program and data which are currently active being loaded into Physical Random Access Memory (RAM). The processor itself then translates ('maps') the virtual addresses from an instruction into the correct physical equivalents, doing this on the fly as the instruction is executed. The processor manages the mapping in terms of pages of 4 Kilobytes each - a size that has implications for managing virtual memory by the system. Page File By Nichol (2006), only those parts of the program and data that are currently in active use need to be held in physical RAM. Other parts are then held in a page file (in Windows NT versions including Windows 2000 and XP: pagefile.sys). When a program tries to access some address that is not currently in physical RAM, it generates an interrupt, called a Page Fault. This asks the system to retrieve the 4 KB page containing the address from the page file (or in the case of code possibly from the original program file). This - a valid page fault - normally happens quite invisibly. Sometimes, through

Health Care Reform Bill Obama Care Research Paper

Health Care Reform Bill Obama Care - Research Paper Example Even though, the government is spending billions of dollars every year to help the public, it is not reaching the ordinary people because of the administrative problems and the exploitation of the private insurance companies. Still United States has the highest healthcare costs compared to some other developed countries. President Obama, even before his election promised that he will make immense changes in the healthcare sector in order to make it more public-friendly. Obama has assured the public before the election that he will increase the insurance coverage, decrease the cost and social burden of healthcare, implement reform in insurance sector and increase the government involvement, once he succeeded in winning the election. After winning the president election, Obama introduced the legislations (Senate bill and Reconciliation bill) in both houses of the U.S. Congress and succeeded in passing it in March 2010. It is estimated that more than 50 million American citizens do not have the health insurance coverage at present. One of the major criticisms labeled against Obama’s health care bills is the annual increases in healthcare costs per person and the enormous budgetary strain this bill may cause on U.S. state and federal governments. In other words, The nationalization of health care should be unconstitutional because it conflicts with American civil liberties, and it allows some Americans to live off of the government rather than making something themselves.   â€Å"A U.S. district judge in January 2011, Judge Roger Vinson, in Pensacola, Fla., ruled that as a result of the unconstitutionality of the "individual mandate" that requires people to buy insurance, the entire law must be declared void† (Judge Rules Health Care Law Is Unconstitutional). The court declared that the over involvement of the government in healthcare sector is not necessarily the duty of the government. It is unconstitutional to spend the taxpayer’s money in this way. The primary role or the duty of the government is to give protection to the life and property of the citizen. However, the primary duty of the government does not include the protection of the public health according to the ruling of the court. The court also observed that the Congress does not have the authority or power to pass such a bill according to American constitution. It is the duty of the Congress to reform or regulate the healthcare market, when we consider the huge size of the health care sector with respect to national economy. However, Congress does not have the authority to put the entire responsibility of keeping the health of the public intact, upon the government. A federal judge in Virginia also ruled against the bill a week before. The judge declared that the â€Å"law's requirement that citizens buy health insurance or pay a penalty starting in 2014 is invalid† (O’Dell). However, the Obama administration argued that the above clause was attached in the law based on a constitutional provision, giving Congress power to regulate interstate commerce. Even though the Congress argued in favor of the bill, the court rejected the argument of Congress, citing reasons that: The means of payment for services in the interstate health care market is an economic activity that substantially affects interstate commerce, and the requirement that participants in the health care market have insurance to pay for the services they consume is thus a quintessential exercise of the commerce power (O’

Consumer Expectations Before and After Purchase

Consumer Expectations Before and After Purchase Introduction: Background to research: Until recently, consumer behaviourists had many theories of satisfaction. Rather, a post decision phenomenon known as cognitive dissonance (Festinger1957) was thought to provide a sufficient framework for understanding post purchase responses. Researchers later expanded the theories more recent theoretical and empirical works (Andreasen 1977; Day 1977; Oliver 1977) generally agree that satisfaction results from a subjective comparison of the expected and received product attribute levels, as originally proposed by (Engel 1968), but that the exact nature of satisfaction process is unknown. In addition psychological concept remains in dispute. Why the customer would seek out one -and only one-branded object or brand set to fulfil his or her needs? This is the pertinent question because the present era of global competition seemingly would enable the customer to move to better alternatives as soon as they materialised. Product improvements, refinements, and innovations are new product introductions are predicted. (See cooper 1993,p.4).Satisfaction research has been â€Å"king† spawned by the widespread adoption of the marketing concept, efforts to align marketing strategy with the goal of maximizing customer satisfaction have been pursued in earnest by the product and service providers (post purchase research 1993 wylie, p.1).( Richard L Oliver journal of marketing; 1999; 63, p. 33) Context of research: The purpose of Research: 1. The purpose of this study is to balance service quality and product quality into an integrated model. 2. The management of the company can make different strategies to make the customers satisfied to full extent. 3. The outcomes of the research helps the top level managers to make their strategies in production and servicing for their products for the new and existing customers. 4. To explore the effects of the three consumer perceptions (product quality, service quality and price fairness) on satisfaction and loyal behaviour. Automobile industry maintenance service is chosen as an examined object because both â€Å"technicians, skills and parts† quality are essential to consumers. Perceived quality: As stated by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1985), quality has been a complex but vague construct which demands further investigation for the industries to highlight product and service quality as satisfaction management. It should be defined as the consumers judgement about a products overall excellence or superiority. Consumer product perceived quality is positively related to consumer loyalty. Perceived service quality: Parsuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry established the five-gap model in 1985, which established the structure and measurement of the methods to measure service quality and consumer satisfaction were basically the same, with both based on comparisons of expectation and performance. Perceived service quality is positively related to customer satisfaction. (Journal of consumer satisfaction, dissatisfaction and complaining behaviour; 2001; 14, p 125) (Parsuraman Zeithaml, and Berry, vol 52 April 1988, p39) they indicate that consumers quality perceptions are influenced by a series of four distinct gaps occurring in organisations. The gaps on service providers side, which can impede delivery of services that consumers perceive to be of high quality, are: 1. Difference between consumer expectations and management perceptions of consumer expectations. 2. Difference between management perceptions of consumer expectations and service quality specifications. 3. Difference between service quality specifications and the service actually delivered. 4. Difference between service delivery and what is communicated about the service to consumers. The mangers of service providers need to know how to measure the service quality, and whether consumers actually purchase from the firms that have the highest level of perceived service quality or from those with which they are most â€Å"satisfied.† (Cronin, j.joseph, jr July 1992.) Expected outcomes: The aim of the proposed research is to: Develop an attractive environment in the dealers service station. Develop a good media and communication in solving the queries of the customers. The actual response of satisfaction from the customers on the company products and services. LITERATURE REVIEW: Executive summary: All marketers need to be aware of the effect of globalization, technology, and deregulation. Rather than try to satisfy everyone, marketers start with market segmentation and develop a market offering that is positioned in the minds of the target market. To satisfy the target markets needs, wants, and demands, marketers create a Product, one of the 10 types of entities (goods, services, experiences, events, persons, places, properties, organizations, information, and ideas). Marketers must search hard for the core need they are trying to satisfy, remembering that their products will be successful only if they deliver value (the ratio of benefits and costs) to customers. Every marketing exchange requires at least two parties—both with something valued by the other party, both capable of communication and delivery, both free to accept or reject the offer, and both finding it appropriate or desirable to deal with the other. One agreement to exchange constitutes a transaction, part of the larger idea of relationship marketing. Through relationship marketing, organizations aim to build enduring, mutually satisfying bonds with customers and other key parties to earn and Retain their long-term business. Reaching out to a target market entails communication channels, distribution channels, and selling channels. The supply chain, which stretches from raw materials to the final products for final buyers, represents a value delivery system. Marketers can capture more of the supply chain value by acquiring competitors or expanding upstream or downstream. In the marketing environment, marketers face brand, industry, form, and generic competition. The marketing environment can be divided into the task environment (the immediate actors in producing, distributing, and promoting the product offering) and the broad environment (forces in the demographic, economic, natural, technological, political-legal, and social-cultural environment). To succeed, marketers must pay close attention to the trends and developments in these environments and make timely adjustments to their marketing strategies. Within these environments, Marketers apply the marketing mix—the set of marketing tools used to pursue marketing objectives in the target market. The marketing mix consists of the four Ps: product, price, place, and promotion. Companies can adopt one of five orientations toward the marketplace. The production concept assumes that consumers want widely available, affordable products; the product concept assumes that consumer want products with the most quality, performance, or innovative features; the selling concept assumes that customers will not buy enough products without an aggressive selling and promotion effort; the marketing concept assumes the firm must be better than competitors in creating, delivering, and communicating customer value to its chosen target markets; and the societal marketing concept assumes that the firm must satisfy customers more effectively and efficiently than competitors while still preserving the consumers and the societys wellbeing. Keeping this concept in mind, smart companies will add â€Å"higher order† image attributes to supplement both rational and emotional benefits. The combination of technology, globalization, and deregulation is influencing customers, brand manufacturers, and store-based retailers in a variety of ways. Responding to the changes and new demands brought on by these forces has caused many companies to make adjustments. In turn, savvy marketers must also alter their marketing activities, tools, and approaches to keep pace with the changes they will face today and tomorrow. Receiving service: The convenience of receiving service is presumably lowest when a customer has to come to the service organisation and must use specific outlet. Offering service through several outlets increases the convenience of access for customers but many start to raise problems of quality control as convenience of access relates to the consistency of the service product delivered. For some type of services the companies come to customer. This is, of course, essential when the target of the service is some immovable physical item (such as a building that needs repairs or pest control treatment, or a garden that needs land-scaping). But since its usually more expensive to take service personnel and equipment to the customer than vice versa, the trend has been away from this approach to delivering consumer services. The key to generating high customer loyalty is to deliver high customer value. A companys value proposition is much more than its positioning on a single attribute. Most of the successful companies are raising expectations and delivering performances to match. These companies are aiming for TCS Total Customer Satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is both a goal and a marketing tool. Companies that achieve high customer satisfaction ratings make sure that their target market is known. After sales support management system is apart of ERP Enterprise Resource Planning solution dealing with the support module after the sales of product. It creates an advanced environment to the organization, which are in to technical support after sales e.g. Companies offering electronic goods and motor vehicles etc. The functional features include: Customer complaints tracking Service engineers information tracking Job scheduling for the complaints Spares management Online support Reports. Customer complaints tracking: Complaint is the starting point of any technical support system. With out a client request the technical support is not initiated. Complaint tracking is done as follows: Client may come down or make a phone call or complaint online The client is validated. The client may have an annual maintenance contract or may have a product in warranty or of warranty. The intensity of the complaint is to be estimated to allocate resources. Expected service type has to be finalized. It may be online assistance indoor or onsite assistance. Service Engineers Information tracking: Information about the engineers is inevitable in job scheduling. Information about the engineers has to be added, deleted or modified in the database. It may contain the following: The name, id of the engineer; the skill set of the engineer; the status of the engineer. Job scheduling for the complaints: Job scheduling means sequencing the request with respect to its intensity, Assignment of a service engineer and creating a job card. It is done to optimize the technical resources and to render the best service to the customer. Minor problem are processed by technicians and complex requests are handled by the expert team. The job card includes the following: The complaint id, the assigned engineer id, the data and time of service, the spare details, no. of man hours required etc. The spare part name and serial number. The available quantity of each spare part. The prize, warranty and other specifications. The suppliers information. Online support: The service is done online also. The client may visit the website to obtain basic support information about the product and FAQ. He can chat with the service engineer on phone or online. Report: The report reflects the current status of the system. The reports that can be generated are as follows: Customer request report and status of the system. Service engineer report provides the information about the skills and strengths of the support team. Job scheduling report states the allotment of the engineers to jobs. Spares report discloses the availability of all the spares in the system. Receipts and payments report gives information about the cash flow in the System, generation of bills: Customer satisfaction tracking: Customer satisfaction is the key concept to dictate the future of the organization. In order to maximize the customer satisfaction along with quick response and efficient service some other activities are to be performed. They may be as follows: Reception of the customer with hospitality. Entertaining environment to the customer. Providing guidance about the usage and maintenance of the product. Offering gift and discounts. Toyota company profile and Feedback and Control: As it implements its strategy, the firm needs to track the results and monitor new developments in the internal and external environments. Some environments are fairly stable from year to year. Other environments evolve slowly in a fairly predictable way. Still other environments change rapidly in significant and unpredictable ways. Nonetheless, the company can count on one thing: The marketplace will change. And when it does, the company will Need to review and revise its implementation, programs, strategies, or even objectives. A companys strategic fit with the environment will inevitably erode because the market environment changes faster than the companys 7-Ss. Thus a company might remain efficient while it loses effectiveness. Peter Drucker pointed out that it is more important to â€Å"do the right thing† (effectiveness) than â€Å"to do things right† (efficiency). The most successful companies excel at both. Once an organization fails to respond to a changed environment, it has difficulty recapturing its lost position. This happened to the once-unassailable Motorola when it was slow to respond to the new digital technology used by Nokia and others, and kept rolling out analogue phones.17 Similarly, Barnes Noble did not immediately recognize the threat posed by Amazon. COMs Internet-based book retailing model; then, as a latecomer to e-commerce, it had more of a struggle establishing itself. Clearly, the key to organizational health is the firms willingness to examine the changing environment and to adopt appropriate new goals and behaviours. High-performance organizations continuously monitor the environment and use flexible strategic planning to maintain a viable fit with the evolving environment. Toyota Motor Corporation, Japans #1 carmaker, has a driving ambition to become greener. The company makes a hybrid-powered (gas and electric) sedan the Prius that isbeing snapped up in US and European markets. Its gas-powered cars, pickups, minivans, and SUVs include such models as Camry,Corolla, 4Runner,Land Cruiser, Sienna, the luxury Lexus line, the new Scion brand, and a full-sized pickup truck, the V-8 Tundra. Toyota also makes forklifts and manufactured housing, and offers consumer financial services. Once a dark horse in the global automotive game, Toyota has begun to close the gap on General Motors and DaimlerChrysler, and has already passed Ford Motor. While most of its North American and European competitors are contracting their operations due to falling demand and overcapacity, Toyota is growing to meet increased global demand. The company has an expressed plan of gaining a global 10% share of the automotive market by the early 2010s. To do this, Toyota feels it must build the cars where, or very near where, they will be bought. To this end Toyota opened new vehicle plants in the Czech Republic in 2005 and is scheduled to open its 11th US plant in San Antonio, Texas in 2006. The greatest focus of Toyotas overseas strategy is currently in China, a country that is expected to become the second-largest car market (behind the US) by 2010. By that year Toyota wants to have a 10% market share in China. Like its competitors, Toyota is beefing up its Chinese operations by joining forces with local automotive players. With its Chinese partner China FAW Group Corporation, Toyota builds Land Cruisers and Corollas in China. Through another agreement with Guangzhou Automobile Group, Toyota began jointly developing engines in 2005. Also in association with Guangzhou Automobile, in 2006 the first Chinese-built Camry rolled off the assembly line in Nansha near Hong Kong. The Camry is the best-selling car in the US and has been a leading import in China. The Chinese-built Camrys are priced to move in an effort to quickly boost Toyotas market share. Late in 2006 Toyota fired a salvo over the deck of GM when it said it aimed to build 9.8 million vehicles by 2008. GM sold 9 .2 million vehicles in 2005 the second-largest volume the company has ever produced in a single year. The announcement came at a time when GM and its equally bedraggled US counterpart Ford are desperately trimming capacity to stay competitive. Toyota out-built Ford back in 2003 and now has GM in its sights. While growing its worldwide production base; Toyota has committed itself to leading the charge toward the development of more efficient, environmentally friendly vehicles, primarily powered by hybrid gasoline-electric technology. Toyotas global production of hybrids in 2005 totalled 151,000 units, or two-and-one-half times production levels of the previous fiscal year. Toyotas hybrid plans going forward are even more ambitious. The company says it wants to build one million hybrids by the early 2010s. In addition to the Prius, Toyota currently offers hybrid versions of the Highlander SUV and the venerable Camry. Late in 2006 Toyota bought a 5.9% stake in Isuzu Motors. The two companies plan to cooperate on engine technologies with Isuzu concentrating on small diesel engines and diesel emission controls while Toyota will focus on environmental improvements for gasoline engines and alternative fuels. The move marks the second time in as many years that Toyota has taken advantage of a broken GM alliance with a Japanese partner. Toyota bought an 8.7% stake in Fuji Heavy Industries from GM in 2005. History In 1926 Sakichi Toyoda founded Toyoda Automatic Loom Works. In 1930 he sold the rights to the loom he invented and gave the proceeds to his son Kiichiro Toyoda to begin an automotive business. Kiichiro opened an auto shop within the loom works in 1933. When protectionist legislation (1936) improved prospects for Japanese automakers, Kiichiro split off the car department, took it public (1937), and changed its name to Toyota. During WWII the company made military trucks, but financial problems after the war caused Toyota to reorganize in 1950. Its post war commitment to RD paid off with the launch of the four-wheel-drive Land Cruiser (1951); full-sized Crown (1955); and the small Corona (1957). Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., debuted the Toyopet Crown in the US in 1957, but it proved underpowered for the US market. Toyota had better luck with the Corona in 1965 and with the Corolla (which became the best-selling car of all time) in 1968. By 1970 Toyota was the worlds fourth-largest carmaker. Toyota expanded rapidly in the US. During the 1970s the oil crisis caused demand for fuel-efficient cars, and Toyota was there to grab market share from US makers. In 1975 Toyota displaced Volkswagen as the USs #1 auto importer. Toyota began auto production in the US in 1984 through NUMMI, its joint venture with GM. The Lexus line was launched in the US in 1989 Because of the European Communitys restrictions on Japanese auto imports until the year 2000, Toyotas European expansion slowed. Toyota responded in 1992 by agreeing to distribute cars in Japan for Volkswagen and also by establishing an engine plant (later moved to full auto production) in the UK. The sport utility vehicle (SUV) mania of the 1990s spurred Toyotas introduction of luxury minivans and light trucks. Hiroshi Okuda, a 40-year veteran with Toyota and the first person from outside the Toyoda family to run the firm, succeeded Tatsuro Toyoda as president in 1995. The next year Toyota consolidated its North American production units into Cincinnati-based Toyota Motor Manufacturing North America. In 1997 Toyota introduced the Prius, a hybrid electric- and gas-powered car. The next year Toyota boosted its stake in affiliate Daihatsu (mini-vehicles) to about 51% and started Toyota Map master (51%owned), to Make map databases for car navigation systems. Okuda became chairman in 1999, replacing Shoichiro Toyota, and Fujio Cho became president. Also that year Toyota agreed to form a joint venture with Isuzu to manufacture buses, and it announced plans to invest $800 million to boost US auto production by 16% (200,000 vehicles) to about 1.45 million. In 2000 Toyota launched the Will VI, a sedan aimed at young people. It announced that it was building an online replacement parts marketplace with i2 Technology and that it had formed a financial services company (Toyota Financial Service) and a brokerage firm (Toyota Financial Services Securities Corp.). Toyota also bought a 5% stake in Yamaha (the worlds #2 motorcycle maker) and raised its stake in truck maker Hino Motors from about 20% to almost 34%. International developments included Toyotas agreement with the Chinese government to produce passenger cars for sale in China. The cars are to be built by Tianjin Toyota Motor Corp., a joint venture between Chinese carmaker Tianjin Automobile Xiali and Toyota. Early in 2001 Toyota opened a new plant in France. Later that year the company formed an agreement with PSA Peugeot Citroà «n to begin joint car production in Europe (production began in 2005). Toyota also increased its stake in Hino Motors to 50% with partners Toyoda Gosei, Ltd. and Horie Metal Co., Ltd., Toyota formed a joint venture in 2002 to manufacture resin fuel tank systems. In 2004 Toyota announced that it would establish 14 Lexus dealerships in China; the dealers were all open by mid-2005. Later in 2004 Toyota forged a joint venture agreement with Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. to build engines in China In 2005 Toyota bought just fewer than 9% of General Motors 20% stake in Fuji Heavy Industries the Japanese maker of Subaru passenger vehicles. Satisfaction as defined: The satisfaction was â€Å"the buyers cognitive state of being adequately rewarded for the sacrifice he has undergone† (Howard and Sheth 1969, p.145). Hunt (1997b) summarised the feelings of a number of speakers at the first consumer satisfaction conference among the definitions offered were need fulfilment, pleasure/displeasure, expectation-performance interactions, evaluation of the purchase or Consumption experience, evaluation of the benefits of consumption, comparison of actual with ideal outcomes, and the Attribute â€Å"deficit/ surplus† obtained from the purchase. On the basis of the diverse views, Hunt concluded that satisfaction is an evaluation rendered that the product experience was at least as good as it was supposed to be,† in effect an â€Å"evaluation of an emotion†(pp.459-460). Satisfaction may be best understood as an evaluation of the surprise inherent in a product acquisition and/or consumption experience. In essence, it is the summary psychological state resulting when the emotion surrounding disconfirmed expectations is coupled with the consumers prior feelings about the consumption experience. (Richard L. Oliver.) When you visit your favourite restaurant, you expect to have a nice meal. That positive expectation, in itself, is a form of satisfaction. We call it anticipation-satisfaction. When the host sees you and remembers your name, thats recognition-satisfaction. Of course, once youve had that tasty, filling meal, and you feel a warm glow, that outcome is also a satisfaction. Its called need-satisfaction. What happens when youre so pleased with a restaurant that you go out of your way to rave about it to your friends? Thats referral or recommendation-satisfaction. And when the restaurant manager says, â€Å"Come again,† and you reply, â€Å"You can bet on it!† youve expressed a recommitment, or what we call, pledge-satisfaction. What happens when the owner gives you a free dessert just for being a great patron, and youre surprised and delighted about it? Thats what we refer to as surprise-satisfaction. Seeing and being seen in a trendy eatery confers an additional perk: status -satisfaction. As you can see, dining out can lead to several forms of customer satisfaction, and I havent listed half of them. Whatever our business is, we need to know whether were serving our customers as capably as we can, so which satisfaction definitions and measures should we use? Defining customer satisfaction is a very important undertaking—one that even the most customer-focused companies, fail to do. If we dont define it carefully, how can we monitor and measure it, let alone produce it on a consistent and reliable basis? If you ask most business owners how they define satisfaction, sooner or later theyll mention repeat business. Theyll ask, do customers come back and buy again? This is retention-satisfaction. Retention-satisfaction is especially significant because it can be rather easily monitored, and it can be measured in dollars and cents. But it isnt foolproof. This article entitled, â€Å"Just Because They Buy Again Doesnt Mean Theyre Satisfied.† I pointed out that clients might feel they have no other viable choice than to buy from you. Cable television customers used to fit this profile before they could sign-up for satellite-television. Customer service departments are known to track dissatisfaction more than satisfaction. Theyll carefully note every angry letter that comes in the mail, believing that there are perhaps 50 or 100 people who feel the same way, but who didnt bother to write. Paying attention to letters is fine, but the inferences we make about how many silent customers they represent, is little more than a wild hunch. Moreover, service providers shouldnt infer that the absence of angry letters implies the presence of happy customers. Instead of counting letters, Id rather monitor and interpret customer satisfaction behaviours as they occur. The best time to do this is when service transactions conclude. Why wait days or weeks to receive a letter, which only one-in-ten thousand people might write? When you monitor actual transactions, you can tap into a large, continuous universe of customers that is much more representative of feelings-at-large. For instance, we monitor and measure at least three customer behaviours: (1) Their voice inflections; (2) The language they use to express gratitude; and (3) Their pledges to do additional business after being subtly cued to indicate this intention.(To learn more about this system, please refer to my book, Monitoring, Measuring, Managing Customer Service: Jossey-Bass/JohnWiley:2000). How do you measure customer satisfaction? Is it connected to real customer value? When was the last time you seriously explored alternatives? By taking a fresh look at these questions you can create true breakthroughs. You can systematically deliver todays satisfactions while inventing tomorrow Market Definition: The automotive aftermarket is valued according to the retail selling price (RSP), including taxes, of service parts, wear tear parts, mechanical parts, tires, crash repair and consumables accessories. Service parts include filters, wiper blades, ignition plugs and engine oil components. Wear tear Parts include batteries, emission systems, brake pads discs and ride control. Mechanical parts are defined as those parts which are neither changed as part of a service are considered to be wear tear parts. These include transmission and power train parts. Crash repair includes body parts, lighting, glass, paint and solvents. Consumables include cleaners, waxes, polishes, windscreen washes and antifreeze. Accessories include in-car entertainment, alarms security, alloy wheels, storage, interiors (mats etc.) and exteriors (spoilers etc.). Labour charges and wholesale-related revenues are not included. The data only relates to the market for the repair of light vehicles (cars light commercial vehicles of up to 3.5 tonnes in weight). Any currency conversions used in the creation of this report have been calculated using constant 2004 annual average exchange rates. Market analysis: The European auto aftermarket sector reported disappointing results for 2001-2005.Annual growth remained marginal at the outset of the review period in 2002-2003, before entering a decline that is expected to last until the end of 2010.The European auto aftermarket generated total revenues of $89.7 billion in 2005, representing a compound annual rate of change (CARC) of -0.2% for the five-year period spanning 2001-2005. The slump in the market was primarily driven by decline in the German, UK and French markets. Positive growth was exhibited by the Spanish and Italian markets. Sales of mechanical parts form the leading segment in the market, generating total revenues of $27.9 billion in 2005, equivalent to 31.1% of the overall market value. In comparison, the crash repair sector was worth $19 billion, which represented a 21.1% share of the markets value. Looking forward, the European auto aftermarket is expected to decelerate from its current value growth position. With an anticipate d CARC of -0.5% over the 2005-2010 periods, the market is expected to reach a value of $87.5 billion by the end of 2010. Further decline in the French and German markets will act to undermine total revenue for the region; however, the UK market is expected to recover. Competitive landscape: In 2002, the German-based Volkswagen had the largest market share in Europe, with18.4%of new registrations. However, this was almost half a point lower than in the previous year. The company managed to keep revenues and operating costs stable over the period despite lower sales, due to price increases above inflation as well as cost-cutting measures. PSA Peugeot Citroà «n is close behind Volkswagen, and increased its market share by more than half a point in 2002. Indeed, in 2002 the Peugeot 206 overtook the VW Golf as the best-selling car in Europe. The market is highly competitive at the top end, PSA are only than three points ahead of Ford, a company which could well bounce back if its cost-cutting measures fulfil their initial promise. For all three companies, the necessity is to keep on churning out bright and successful new models, and PSA currently looks like it has the edge in terms of technology and design. Below these three companies, Renault, GM and Fiat have been loosing market share, or in Renaults case hanging on to what they have with only a thread. Fiat has suffered from flooding in one of its main parts factories, which has further set back the already beleaguered Italian car maker, but the company has not yet released details of its long-term recovery plans, if it has any. Despite the openness of European car markets, national loyalty still plays a great influence. In France, PSA and Renault lead, whereas in Germany, Italy and Spain, Volkswagen, Fiat and Seat respectively have strong positions. The smaller count ries in Europe provide an exception to this rule, as Belgium and the Netherlands have no substantial car manufacturers of their own but instead act as distribution hubs for other countries. The UK market is led by the large American companies, which cynics may say illustrates where its loyalties lie. Leadin

Sprained Ankle

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common injury in sports1,2,3,4,5. This is how almost all the articles started out. This is an injury I have seen over the past years as a player and coach. A player on my team this year suffered this injury during our basketball season and she was out for a few weeks. This really hurt our team since I only had 7 players on my team this year. This had me wondering if there was anything I could have done differently as a coach to prevent her injury since it was done during a drill. There are several ligaments surrounding the bones to form the ankle, which are the syndesmotic ligament, lateral collateral ligament, and medial collateral ligament.5 Lateral ankle sprains can occur in several different ways when playing sports. Players can step on another player or landing from a jump. From doing this research, I would like to find some different ways to treat ankle injuries and if there are different outcomes from these treatments. Methods To conduct my research, I used the resources from the Southern Utah University Online Library. I used the search engine to find peer reviewed articles. I was searching for articles about ankle sprains and treatment of those injuries. I searched for words such as, ankle injury, prevention, and treatment. I found several peer reviewed articles about ankle sprains and different methods of treatment. There was also an article that was very useful from the National Athletic Trainers' Association that had a lot of different topics of information that very helpful. Discussion Ankle sprains can occur through many different activities. It is the most common sports injury among athletes1,2,3,4,5. This injury happens because of a plantar flexion and inversion. 3 The ligaments that are affected by ankle sprains are the anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, and posterior talofibular ligament. 2 After an ankle injury occurs it must be determined what kind of sprain has happened. It can be classified as a grade I, grade II, or grade III with grade I being mild and grade III most severe. 2 When an ankle sprain occurs there can be inflammation of the ankle, loss of function, and instability. 1 There are different ways to diagnosis an ankle sprain such as range of motion, special tests, and MRI are just a few ways that an ankle sprain can be diagnosed. 2 There have been many different ways to treat ankle sprains. If not properly treated, ankle sprains can be reoccurring, 10-40% of people who have suffered from ankle sprains will have another sprain occur.6 Several different studies have been conducted to help with the treatment and rehabilitation of ankle sprains. Three different studies were used to help gain a better understanding about the treatment and rehabilitation of ankle injuries. In these studies, ankle taping, isometric testing and physical therapy were used to help with ankle injury recovery. In one study, ankle taping was used to see if it would reduce the â€Å"latency of the perneus longus and increase dynamic stabilization of the ankle† 4 pg. 54 Two groups were used, one group with no previous ankle injuries and another group who had suffered from a pervious ankle injury and the testing occurred over two days. 4 The leg that was being tested would either be taped or not depending on the trial. The foot would be inverted at 25 degrees. This was done for 10 trials and EMG was used to record the data. 4 After this study was conducted it showed that the ankle taping was helpful in providing more stability to the ankle compared to the ankle not being taped. 4 This shows that ankle taping can be a useful tool when trying to prevent the ankle from inversion. It also showed that it could be helpful for people who have had an ankle sprain and also for those who have not had an ankle injury. When thinking about injury prevention, someone who has not suffered from an ankle sprain might not think it is important to have his or her ankle taped. This was a good study to look at and see how this could be a beneficial tool to use for ankle injuries and how isometric training can be used help with rehabilitation after an injury. Treatment of ankle sprains is an important part of recovery so an athlete or any other person can go back to normal physical activities, whether it is sports or other activities. In another study, the rehabilitation after an ankle sprain was looked at using isometric testing. Two groups were used for this study and both groups had at home protocol that they completed.1 Each group had exercises to complete at home, an ankle brace to wear and cryotherapry to use after exercises. 1 Cryotherpary was used this treatment method 3-4 times a day for 15-20 minutes, this was done to help with pain and swelling and to reduce inflammation. 1 The use of isometric testing is used to help show how much inversion and eversion is affected. 1 The use of isometric training can be used to monitor the progress during treatment for ankle sprains and can also be used to help make programs for individualized for each athlete. 1 This study had patients completing a program where they completed different exercises at home and tests were also completed to check the progress of each person during their rehabilitation. Several different outcomes were measured such as pain, ankle circumference, lower extremity functional scale, square hop test, and isometric ankle testing. 1 These test are helpful when people are trying to recover from an ankle injury. The use of isometric testing is a good way to track progress and could possibility help with the recovery process to go quickly. Physical therapy can be a tool used to help with the recovery process of an ankle injury. The final study looked at physical therapy being a good way to help treat ankle injuries. Two groups were used in this study one group who received physical therapy and another group who did not. 5 The group who participation in the physical therapy program had improved results in pain reduction, dorsal and plantar flexion improved, and muscles were strengthen. 5 The use of physical therapy can be a beneficial way help someone who has suffered from an ankle injury recover more quickly. After reading these three studies about different ways to help the recovery and monitor progress of ankle injuries, there were some beneficial ideas. The main one is that physical therapy or at home exercises can help with the healing process. Also, each athlete or patient should have an individualized program for recovery. This can help aid in the recovery of an athlete from their injury and return to play more quickly. There are a few limitations from these studies as well and more research should be conducted. In the study with physical therapy used the sample size for each group was very small with only three patients in each group. 5 Facilities or equipment used should also be looked at. Isometric testing is a great way test patients and come up with individualized programs but could be very expensive or obtain this type of testing depending on what is available to each program. Prevention of injuries is important for keeping athletes playing and taking time away from their sports season. In the article from the National Athletic Trainers' Association, three different ideas were given for the prevention of ankle injuries. The first suggestion is a prevention program for athletes for three months. 2 This type of program would include exercises that would help balance and neuromuscular control. 2 For athletes who have suffered an ankle injury previously might feel better if they train to help prevent their injury. They might even feel a sense of security by training. Another prevention measure is increasing strength in the leg and hips. 2 Finally, dorsiflexion range of motion could also be trained, if it is limited. 2 Knowing if an athlete has suffered from an ankle injury and ways to help strengthen the ankle and leg could prevent another injury. An athlete should take any preventive measure decrease their chances of suffering from an injury. Once an athlete has recovered from an injury, there is always a question of when they should return to play. There is a physical and mental part of returning to play. For an athlete, there is mental part of coming back from an injury. They might have feelings of nervousness to play because of risk of getting injured again. Before an athlete can return to play there should be a physical examination done by the athletic trainer. The trainer could complete different tests to check for the readiness of a player to return to games or practices. According to the National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement, tests such as single-legged hop and Star Excursion Balance Test could be used to measure an athletes' injured leg.2 The athlete should be at 80% functional performance. 2 Athletes should also consider wearing ankle braces or taping for extra support during practices and games. 2 Each athlete should be looked at individually when returning to play and should be ready both physically and mentally to come back. One controversy that one mentioned for ankle sprains was the use of different types of shoes. According to one article,2 there have been studies conducted about low-top and high-top shoes. In basketball, players might wear high-top shoes but in sports like football low-top shoes could be worn. There have been studies done with conflicting results if you wear low-top or high-top shoes with ankle stabilizers could help prevent ankle sprains.2 Some studies showed that high-top shoes and ankle taping was more helpful in preventing ankle injuries.2 While another study showed that wearing low-top shoes with ankle braces was more helpful in preventing ankle injuries.2 I found this interesting that shoes could make a difference if they were low-top or high-top. Future research results on this topic would be interesting to see if there is a certain type of footwear that could help prevent ankle injuries and if there could be one consensus about this topic. Conclusion In conclusion, athletes in all sports see this injury too often. From conducting this research, I learned a lot about ankle injuries, which I have also seen during my time as a coach and player. I have learned about the different methods to treat this injury and the use of different techniques and exercises. I hope to take away some ideas about prevention of this injury with the use of different exercises that can be used. Ankle taping and ankle braces could also be a good way to help support the ankle after an injury. It is important for coaches and players to learn about this injury and the different ways to prevent and recovery from this injury if it does occur. References Gediminas T, Aleksandras K, Lankaite D. Isometric eversion and inversion testing after acute ankle sprains. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2014;57. doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2014.03.978.Kaminski TW, Hertel J, Amendola N, et al. National Athletic Trainers Association Position Statement: Conservative Management and Prevention of Ankle Sprains in Athletes. Journal of Athletic Training. 2013;48(4):528-545. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-48.4.02.Kernozek T, Durall CJ, Friske A, Mussallem M. Ankle Bracing, Plantar-Flexion Angle, and Ankle Muscle Latencies During Inversion Stress in Healthy Participants. Journal of Athletic Training. 2008;43(1):37-43. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-43.1.37.Knight AC, Weimar WH. Effects of previous lateral ankle sprain and taping on the latency of the peroneus longus. Sports Biomechanics. 2012;11(1):48-56. doi:10.1080/14763141.2011.637121.Popa C-E. The Effectiveness of Physical Therapy Methods and Techniques in Treating Post-Immobilization Ankle Sprains. Gymnasium. 2017;XVIII(2):19. doi:10.29081/gsjesh.2017.18.2.02.Vries JSD, Kingma I, Blankevoort L, Dijk CNV. Difference in balance measures between patients with chronic ankle instability and patients after an acute ankle inversion trauma. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2010;18(5):601-606. doi:10.1007/s00167-010-1097-1.